Bread, pastry, confectionery.

Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations; Sanitary preparations for medical purposes; Dietetic food and substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for babies; Dietary supplements for humans and animals; Plasters, materials for dressings; Material for stopping teeth, dental wax; Disinfectants; Preparations for destroying vermin; Fungicides, herbicides; Dental impression materials; Evacuants; Slimming purposes (Medical preparations for -); Slimming pills; Adjuvants for medical purposes; Acaricides; Aconitine; Aldehydes for pharmaceutical purposes; Algicides; Alginates for pharmaceutical purposes; Alkaline iodides for pharmaceutical purposes; Alkaloids for medical purposes; Medicinal alcohol; Aloe vera preparations for pharmaceutical purposes; Dental amalgams; Amino acids for medical purposes; Amino acids for veterinary purposes; Analgesics; Anaesthetics; Angostura bark for medical purposes; Antibiotics; Anti-rheumatism bracelets; Anti-rheumatism rings; Antiseptics; Antiseptic cotton; Appetite suppressants for medical purposes; Appetite suppressant pills; Bracelets for medical purposes; Medicines for human purposes; Medicines for veterinary purposes; Medicines for dental purposes; Constipation (Medicines for alleviating -); Aseptic cotton; Asthmatic tea; Ethers for pharmaceutical purposes; Caustics for pharmaceutical purposes; Caustic pencils; Eye-washes; Eyepatches for medical purposes; Acetates for pharmaceutical purposes; Diaper-pants (Babies' -); Food for babies; Diapers [babies' napkins]; Bath salts for medical purposes; Bath preparations, medicated; Bath (Therapeutic preparations for the -); Bacterial poisons; Bacterial preparations for medical and veterinary use; Bacteriological preparations for medical and veterinary use; Fiber (Dietary -); Balms for medical purposes; Balsamic preparations for medical purposes; Hygienic bandages; Bandages for dressings; Barks for pharmaceutical purposes; Cotton for medical purposes; Sedatives; Biological tissue cultures for medical purposes; Biological tissue cultures for veterinary purposes; Biological preparations for medical purposes; Biological preparations for veterinary purposes; Biocides; Lead water; Blood for medical purposes; Hematogen; Leeches for medical purposes; Blood plasma; Depuratives; Candy, medicated; Tanning pills; Bromine for pharmaceutical purposes; Powder of cantharides; Wheat smut (Chemical preparations to treat -); Phylloxera (Chemical preparations for treating -); Vine disease treating chemicals; Chemico-pharmaceutical preparations; Contraceptives (Chemical -); Chemical conductors for electrocardiograph electrodes; Mildew (Chemical preparations to treat -); Diagnosis of pregnancy (Chemical preparations for the -); Chemical preparations for medical purposes; Chemical preparations for pharmaceutical purposes; Chemical preparations for veterinary purposes; Chemical reagents for medical or veterinary purposes; Cinchona for medical purposes; Quinine for medical purposes; Chinoline for medical purposes; Surgical tissues; Surgical implants [living tissues]; Hydrated chloral for pharmaceutical purposes; Chloroform; Condurango bark for medical purposes; Curare; Sanitary towels; Decoctions for pharmaceutical purposes; Dental cements; Deodorants, other than for human beings or for animals; Deodorants for clothing and textiles; Disinfectants for chemical toilets; Disinfectants for hygiene purposes; Detergents for medical purposes; Diabetic bread adapted for medical use; Diagnostic preparations for medical purposes; Diastase for medical purposes; Dietetic beverages adapted for medical purposes; Dietetic substances adapted for medical use; Dietetic foods adapted for medical purposes; Digitalin; Dill oil for medical purposes; Drugs for medical purposes; Alloys of precious metals for dental purposes; Albuminous preparations for medical purposes; Elixirs [pharmaceutical preparations]; Gentian for pharmaceutical purposes; Enzymes for medical purposes; Enzymes for veterinary purposes; Enzyme preparations for medical purposes; Enzyme preparations for veterinary purposes; Aluminium acetate for pharmaceutical purposes; Esters for pharmaceutical purposes; Eucalyptol for pharmaceutical purposes; Eucalyptus for pharmaceutical purposes; Fennel for medical purposes; Ferments for pharmaceutical purposes; Greases for medical purposes; Greases for veterinary purposes; Febrifuges; Fish meal for pharmaceutical purposes; Fly catching paper; Fly glue; Fly destroying preparations; Formic aldehyde for pharmaceutical purposes; Chilblain preparations; Frostbite salve for pharmaceutical purposes; Fungicides; Gallic acid for pharmaceutical purposes; Gases for medical purposes; Gelatine for medical purposes; Royal jelly for pharmaceutical purposes; Poisons; Glycerine for medical purposes; Glycerophosphates; Gold (Dental amalgams of -); Guaiacol for pharmaceutical purposes; Gum for medical purposes; Gamboge for medical purposes; Gurjun [gurjon, gurjan] balsam for medical purposes; Belts for sanitary napkins [towels]; Hemostatic pencils; Adhesives for dentures; Hemoglobin; Hemorrhoid preparations; Dry rot fungus (Preparations for destroying -); Yeast for pharmaceutical purposes; Court plaster; Remedies for foot perspiration; Remedies for perspiration; Charcoal for pharmaceutical purposes; Hops (Extracts of -) for pharmaceutical purposes; Hormones for medical purposes; Cement for animal hooves; Corn remedies; Corn rings for the feet; Repellents for dogs; Dog lotions; Dog washes; Hydrastine; Hydrastinine; Vaccines; Pants, absorbent, for incontinents; Insecticides; Insect repellents; Personal sexual lubricants; Irish moss for medical purposes; Isotopes for medical purposes; Jalap; Iodine for pharmaceutical purposes; Iodides for pharmaceutical purposes; Iodoform; Tincture of iodine; Jujube, medicated; Potassium salts for medical purposes; Lime (Preparations of -) for pharmaceutical purposes; Calomel; Cooling sprays for medical purposes; Camphor for medical purposes; Camphor oil for medical purposes; Candy for medical purposes; Capsules for medicines; Carbolineum [parasiticide]; Poultices; Cachou for pharmaceutical purposes; Chewing gum for medical purposes; Rubber for dental purposes; Germicides; Adhesive bands for medical purposes; Bone cement for surgical and orthopaedic purposes; Cocaine; Collodion for pharmaceutical purposes; Collyrium; Compresses; Headache pencils; Smoking herbs for medical purposes; Herbal teas for medicinal purposes; Creosote for pharmaceutical purposes; Croton bark; Cultures of microorganisms for medical and veterinary use; Liquorice for pharmaceutical purposes; Stick liquorice for pharmaceutical purposes; Larvae exterminating preparations; Laxatives; Cod liver oil; Linseed for pharmaceutical purposes; Linseed meal for pharmaceutical purposes; Lecithin for medical purposes; Liniments; Solutions for contact lenses; Solvents for removing adhesive plasters; Lotions for pharmaceutical purposes; Lotions for veterinary purposes; Air purifying preparations; Lupulin for pharmaceutical purposes; Magnesia for pharmaceutical purposes; Malt for pharmaceutical purposes; Malted milk beverages for medical purposes; Milk of almonds for pharmaceutical purposes; Mangrove bark for pharmaceutical purposes; Mice (Preparations for destroying -); Medicinal drinks; Medicinal herbs; Medicinal infusions; Medicinal hair growth preparations; Medicinal tea; Sea water for medicinal bathing; Meal for pharmaceutical purposes; Melissa water for pharmaceutical purposes; Milking grease; Menthol; Headache (Articles for -); Milk ferments for pharmaceutical purposes; Lactose for pharmaceutical purposes; Mineral food supplements; Mineral waters for medical purposes; Mineral water salts; Burns (Preparations for the treatment of -); Soil-sterilising preparations; Anti-uric preparations; Callouses (Preparations for -); Air deodorising preparations; Teething (Preparations to facilitate -); Douching preparations for medical purposes; Reducing sexual activity (Preparations for -); Molding wax for dentists; Moleskin for medical purposes; Sanitary pads; Sanitary panties; Mud for baths; Mud (Medicinal -); Mothproofing preparations; Mothproofing paper; Mouthwashes for medical purposes; Ergot for pharmaceutical purposes; Myrobalan bark for pharmaceutical purposes; Media for bacteriological cultures; Lacteal flour for babies; Albuminous foodstuffs for medical purposes; Nutritive substances for microorganisms; Nutritional supplements; Albumin dietary supplements; Alginate dietary supplements; Enzyme dietary supplements; Royal jelly dietary supplements; Glucose dietary supplements; Yeast dietary supplements; Casein dietary supplements; Linseed dietary supplements; Linseed oil dietary supplements; Lecithin dietary supplements; Pollen dietary supplements; Propolis dietary supplements; Protein dietary supplements; Wheat germ dietary supplements; Dietary supplements for animals; Narcotics; Bicarbonate of soda for pharmaceutical purposes; Sodium salts for medical purposes; By-products of the processing of cereals for dietetic or medical purposes; Nervines; Cachets for pharmaceutical purposes; Medicinal oils; Opiates; Opium; Opodeldoc; Opotherapy preparations; Antioxidant pills; Paper for mustard plasters; Antiparasitic collars for animals; Antiparasitic preparations; Parasiticides; Lozenges for pharmaceutical purposes; Pectin for pharmaceutical purposes; Pepsins for pharmaceutical purposes; Peptones for pharmaceutical purposes; Pearl powder for medical purposes; Mint for pharmaceutical purposes; Bunion pads; Plasters for medical purposes; Pharmaceutical preparations; Pharmaceutical preparations for treating dandruff; Skin care (Pharmaceutical preparations for -); Phenol for pharmaceutical purposes; Phosphates for pharmaceutical purposes; Anticryptogamic preparations; Pomades for medical purposes; Porcelain for dental prostheses; Bronchodilating preparations; Trace elements (Preparations of -) for human and animal use; Sterilising preparations; Propolis for pharmaceutical purposes; Protein supplements for animals; Pyrethrum powder; Quassia for medical purposes; Quebracho for medical purposes; Mercurial ointments; Radioactive substances for medical purposes; Radium for medical purposes; Rat poison; Fumigating sticks; Fumigation preparations for medical purposes; Contact lens cleaning preparations; Medicine cases, portable, filled; Rhubarb roots for pharmaceutical purposes; Smelling salts; Castor oil for medical purposes; Radiological contrast substances for medical purposes; Ointments for pharmaceutical purposes; Salts for medical purposes; Salts for mineral water baths; Sarsaparilla for medical purposes; Oxygen for medical purposes; Oxygen baths; Acids for pharmaceutical purposes; Pesticides; Lint for medical purposes; Soporifics; Dental abrasives; Slug exterminating preparations; Flowers of sulphur for pharmaceutical purposes; Sulphur sticks [disinfectants]; Mustard for pharmaceutical purposes; Mustard oil for medical purposes; Mustard plasters; Serums; Serotherapeutic medicines; Siccatives [drying agents] for medical purposes; Syrups for pharmaceutical purposes; Scapulars for surgical purposes; Panty liners [sanitary]; Sunburn ointments; Sunburn preparations for pharmaceutical purposes; Semen for artificial insemination; Stem cells for medical purposes; Stem cells for veterinary purposes; Starch for dietetic or pharmaceutical purposes; Steroids; Breast-nursing pads; Strychnine; Styptic preparations; Sulphonamides [medicines]; Suppositories; Tobacco extracts [insecticides]; Tobacco-free cigarettes for medical purposes; Sanitary tampons; Turpentine for pharmaceutical purposes; Oil of turpentine for pharmaceutical purposes; Thermal water; Thymol for pharmaceutical purposes; Animal washes; Tinctures for medical purposes; Tonics [medicines]; Glucose for medical purposes; Tissues impregnated with pharmaceutical lotions; Vermin destroying preparations; Herbicides; Vaginal washes; Petroleum jelly for medical purposes; Gauze for dressings; First-aid boxes, filled; Dressings, medical; Surgical dressings; Absorbent cotton; Digestives for pharmaceutical purposes; Vesicants; Veterinary preparations; Cattle washes; Vitamin preparations; Wart pencils; Hydrogen peroxide for medical purposes; Wadding for medical purposes; Insect repellent incense; Tartar for pharmaceutical purposes; Cream of tartar for pharmaceutical purposes; Napkins for incontinents; Bismuth preparations for pharmaceutical purposes; Bismuth subnitrate for pharmaceutical purposes; Vulnerary sponges; Vermifuges; Medicinal roots; Teeth filling material; Dental mastics; Dental lacquer; Cedar wood for use as an insect repellent; Cellulose ethers for pharmaceutical purposes; Cellulose esters for pharmaceutical purposes; Sugar for medical purposes.

Telecommunications; Information about telecommunication; Television broadcasting; Cable television broadcasting; Radio broadcasting; Providing user access to global computer networks; Providing telecommunications connections to a global computer network; Providing internet chatrooms; Providing telecommunication channels for teleshopping services; Wire service; Wireless broadcasting; Electronic bulletin board services [telecommunications services]; Electronic mail; Telex services; Communications by fiber [fibre] optic networks; Communications by computer terminals; Communications by telephone; Telecommunications routing and junction services; Cellular telephone communication; Computer aided transmission of messages and images; Paging services [radio, telephone or other means of electronic communication]; Satellite transmission; Voice mail services; Facsimile transmission; Telephone services; Telegraph services; Communications by telegrams; Transmission of telegrams; Teleconferencing services; Transmission of digital files; Transmission of greeting cards online; Message sending; Rental of facsimile apparatus; Rental of message sending apparatus; Rental of modems; Rental of telephones; Rental of telecommunication equipment; Rental of access time to global computer networks; Providing access to databases.

Clothing;Clothes;Wristbands clothing;Tops clothing;Knitted clothing;Hoods clothing;Leisure clothing;Infant clothing;Children's clothing;Sports clothing;Gloves clothing;Casual clothing;Shorts clothing;Outer clothing;Women's clothing;Embroidered clothing;Jackets clothing;Athletic clothing.

Aikido suits;Aikido uniforms;American football bibs;American football pants;American football shirts;American football shorts;American football socks;Ankle boots;Ankle socks;Anklets [socks];Anoraks;Anoraks [parkas];Anti-sweat underclothing;Anti-sweat underwear;Arm warmers [clothing];Articles of clothing;Articles of outer clothing;Articles of sports clothing;Athletic clothing;Athletic footwear;Athletic shoes;Athletic tights;Athletic uniforms;Athletics footwear;Athletics shoes;Athletics vests;Baby shoes;Balaclavas;Bandanas;Bandanas [neckerchiefs];Baseball caps;Baseball caps and hats;Baseball hats;Baseball shoes;Baseball uniforms;Baselayer bottoms;Baselayer tops;Basketball shoes;Basketball sneakers;Beach clothing;Beach footwear;Beachwear;Beanie hats;Beanies;Bib shorts;Bib tights;Bobble hats;Body suits;Body warmers;Bodysuits;Bomber jackets;Boots;Boots for sport;Boots for sports;Bottoms [clothing];Boxer shorts;Boxing shorts;Button down shirts;Canvas shoes;Cap peaks;Cap visors;Caps;Caps being headwear;Caps [headwear];Caps with visors;Cargo pants;Casual clothing;Casual footwear;Casual jackets;Casual shirts;Casual trousers;Casual wear;Casualwear;Children's clothing;Childrens' clothing;Children's footwear;Children's headwear;Children's outerclothing;Children's wear;Climbing boots;Climbing boots [mountaineering boots];Climbing footwear;Clothes;Clothes for sport;Clothes for sports;Clothing;Clothing for children;Clothing for cycling;Clothing for cyclists;Clothing for gymnastics;Clothing for martial arts;Clothing for men, women and children;Clothing for sports;Clothing for wear in judo practices;Clothing for wear in wrestling games;Clothing made of imitation leather;Clothing made of leather;Coats;Coats for men;Coats for women;Coats made of cotton;Coats of denim;Coats (Top -);Combative sports uniforms;Cotton coats;Crop tops;Cycling caps;Cycling Gloves;Cycling pants;Cycling shoes;Cycling shorts;Cycling tops;Cyclists' clothing;Exercise wear;Face mask [clothing] ;Fleece jackets;Fleece pullovers;Fleece shorts;Fleece tops;Fleece vests;Fleeces;Flip-flops;Flip-flops for use as footwear;Foot volleyball shoes;Football boots;Football boots (Studs for -);Football jerseys;Football shirts;Football shoes;Footless socks;Footless tights;Footwear;Footwear [excluding orthopedic footwear];Footwear for men;Footwear for men and women;Footwear for snowboarding;Footwear for sport;Footwear for sports;Footwear for track and field athletics;Footwear for use in sport;Footwear for women;Gabardines;Gabardines [clothing];Gilets;Gloves;Gloves as clothing;Gloves [clothing];Gloves for apparel;Gloves for cyclists;Gloves including those made of skin, hide or fur;Gloves with conductive fingertips that may be worn while using handheld electronic touch screen devices;Golf caps;Golf clothing, other than gloves;Golf footwear;Golf shirts;Golf shoes;Golf shorts;Golf skirts;Golf trousers;Gym boots;Gym shorts;Gym suits;Gymnastic shoes;Gymshoes;Gymwear;Half-boots;Handball shoes;Handwarmers [clothing];Hats;Head bands;Head scarves;Head sweatbands;Head wear;Headbands;Headbands against sweating;Headbands [clothing];Headbands for clothing;Headdresses [veils];Headgear;Headgear for wear;Headsquares;Headwear;Heavy coats;Heavy jackets;Hiking boots;Hiking shoes;Hockey shoes;Hooded pullovers;Hooded sweat shirts;Hooded sweatshirts;Hooded tops;Hoodies;Hoods;Hoods [clothing];Hosiery;House coats;Hunting boot bags;Hunting boots;Hunting jackets;Hunting pants;Hunting shirts;Hunting vests;Infant clothing;Infant wear;Infants' boots;Infants' clothing;Infants' footwear;Infants' shoes;Infants' trousers;Infantwear;Inner socks for footwear;Jackets being sports clothing;Jackets [clothing];Jerseys;Jerseys [clothing];Jockstraps [underwear];Jogging bottoms;Jogging bottoms [clothing];Jogging outfits;Jogging pants;Jogging sets [clothing];Jogging shoes;Jogging suits;Jogging tops;Judo suits;Judo uniforms;Jump Suits;Jumpers;Jumpers [pullovers];Jumpers [sweaters];Karate suits;Karate uniforms;Kendo outfits;Knitted gloves;Knitted tops;Ladies' clothing;Ladies' footwear;Ladies wear;Leg warmers;Leggings [leg warmers];Leggings [trousers];Legwarmers;Leg-warmers;Leisure clothing;Leisure footwear;Leisure shoes;Leisure wear;Leisurewear;Light-reflecting coats;Light-reflecting jackets;Lounge pants;Loungewear;Martial arts uniforms;Men's clothing;Menswear;Moisture-wicking sports bras;Moisture-wicking sports pants;Moisture-wicking sports shirts;Motorcycle gloves;Motorcycle jackets;Motorcycle rain suits;Motorcycle riding suits;Mufflers as neck scarves;Mufflers [clothing];Mufflers [neck scarves];Muffs;Muffs [clothing];Neck gaiters;Neck scarfs [mufflers];Neck scarves;Neck scarves [mufflers];Neck tube scarves;Neck tubes;Neck warmers;Neckbands;Neckerchiefs;Neckwear;Outer clothing;Outerclothing;Outerclothing for boys;Outerclothing for girls;Outerclothing for men;Outerwear;Padded jackets;Padded pants for athletic use;Padded shirts for athletic use;Padded shorts for athletic use;Polo boots;Polo knit tops;Polo neck jumpers;Polo shirts;Polo sweaters;Pop socks;Printed t-shirts;Pullovers;Pyjamas;Rain coats;Rain hats;Rain jackets;Rain ponchos;Rain shoes;Rain slickers;Rain suits;Rain trousers;Rain wear;Raincoats;Rainproof clothing;Rainproof jackets;Rainshoes;Rainwear;Rash guards;Ready-to-wear clothing;Referees uniforms;Replica football kits;Reversible jackets;Rugby boots;Rugby jerseys;Rugby shirts;Rugby shoes;Rugby shorts;Rugby tops;Running shoes;Running Suits;Running vests;Shell jackets;Shirts;Shoes for casual wear;Shoes for foot volleyball;Shoes for leisurewear;Shorts;Shorts [clothing];Short-sleeve shirts;Short-sleeved shirts;Short-sleeved T-shirts;Ski balaclavas;Ski boot bags;Sleeved jackets;Sleeveless jackets;Sleeveless jerseys;Sleeveless pullovers;Sliding shorts;Slippers;Sneakers [footwear];Snoods [scarves];Snow boarding suits;Snow boots;Snow pants;Soccer bibs;Soccer boots;Soccer shirts;Soccer shoes;Socks;Socks for men;Soles for footwear;Spiked running shoes;Sport coats;Sport shirts;Sport shoes;Sport stockings;Sports bibs;Sports [Boots for -];Sports bras;Sports caps;Sports caps and hats;Sports clothing;Sports clothing [other than golf gloves];Sports footwear;Sports garments;Sports headgear [other than helmets];Sports jackets;Sports jerseys;Sports jerseys and breeches for sports;Sports over uniforms;Sports pants;Sports shirts;Sports shirts with short sleeves;Sports shoes;Sports singlets;Sports socks;Sports vests;Sports wear;Sportswear;Stretch pants;Stuff jackets;Stuff jackets [clothing];Surf wear;Surfwear;Sweat bands;Sweat bands for the head;Sweat bands for the wrist;Sweat bottoms;Sweat jackets;Sweat pants;Sweat shirts;Sweat shorts;Sweat suits;Sweat-absorbent socks;Sweat-absorbent stockings;Sweat-absorbent underclothing;Sweat-absorbent underclothing [underwear];Sweatbands;Sweaters;Sweatjackets;Sweatpants;Sweatshirts;Sweatshorts;Sweatsuits;Swim caps;Swim shorts;Swim suits;Swim trunks;Swim wear for children;Swim wear for gentlemen and ladies;Swimming caps;Swimming caps [bathing caps];Swimming costumes;Swimming suits;Swimming trunks;Swimsuits;Swimwear;Taekwondo suits;Taekwondo uniforms;Tailleurs;Tank tops;Tankinis;Tank-tops;Tee-shirts;Tennis dresses;Tennis pullovers;Tennis shirts;Tennis shoes;Tennis shorts;Tennis skirts;Tennis socks;Tennis sweatbands;Tennis wear;Thermal clothing;Thermal headgear;Thermal socks;Thermal underwear;Tops;Tops [clothing];Track and field shoes;Track jackets;Track pants;Track suits;Tracksuit bottoms;Tracksuit tops;Tracksuits;Trainers;Trainers [footwear];Training shoes;Training suits;Trousers;Trousers shorts;T-shirts;Tube tops;Turtleneck pullovers;Turtleneck shirts;Turtleneck sweaters;Turtleneck tops;Turtlenecks;Umpires uniforms;Under garments;Under shirts;Underclothing (Anti-sweat -);Underclothing for women;Undergarments;Undershirts;Underwear;Underwear (Anti-sweat -);Vest tops;Vests;Visors;Visors being headwear;Visors [clothing];Visors [headwear];V-neck sweaters;Volleyball jerseys;Volleyball shoes;Waterproof capes;Waterproof clothing;Waterproof jackets;Waterproof outerclothing;Waterproof shoes;Weather resistant outer clothing;Weatherproof clothing;Weatherproof jackets;Wet suits;Wet suits for surfing;Wet suits for water-skiing;Wet suits for water-skiing and sub-aqua;Wet suits for windsurfing;Wetsuit gloves;Wetsuits;Wetsuits for surface watersports;Wetsuits for surfing;Wetsuits for water-skiing;White coats for hospital use;Wind coats;Wind jackets;Wind resistant jackets;Wind suits;Wind vests;Windcheaters;Wind-jackets;Windproof clothing;Windproof jackets;Wind-resistant jackets;Wind-resistant vests;Windshirts;Winter coats;Winter gloves;Woolly hats.

Bags adapted for sporting articles;Body protectors for sports use;Chest protectors adapted for playing the sport of taekwondo;Chest protectors for athletic use;Chest protectors for sports use;Gymnastic and sporting articles;Gymnastic articles;Toys;Toys, games, and playthings.

Articles of outer clothing included in Class 25.

Articles of outerclothing, but not including boots, shoes or slippers.

Nailing machines and stapling machines (not being stationery).

Cosmetics; Toiletries.

Audio tapes featuring music; Audio tapes; Audio compact discs; Records [sound recordings]; Videotapes; Video recordings.

Chemicals for bonding work pieces, adhesives.

Connectors of metal, in particular cramps, nails, head nails, wire pins, screws, double nails, hooks, staples, accessories for wallpapering, namely fastenings of metal.