Chemical substances, materials and preparations; chemicals used in laboratory analysis; laboratory chemicals for scientific use; chemical probes for laboratory analysis and scientific use; chemical probes for use in ex vivo biological systems; chemical probes for identifying reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite anion and aminoxyl radical; chemical probes for identifying biothiols; chemical probes for identifying nucleosides and/or nucleotides; chemical probes for identifying biologically important cations including sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, copper ions, cupric ions, iron (III) ions, ferrous ions, iron (II) ions, ferric ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions, manganese (II) ions, manganese (III) ions, nickel (II) ions, nickel (III) ions, cobalt (III) ions, cobalt (II) ions, cobalt (I) ions, cobalt ions, mercury (II) ions, mercury (I) ions, lead ions, cadmium ions; chemical probes for identifying biologically important anions including phosphate ions, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions, fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, nitrate ions, nitrite ions, sulphate ions, hydrogen sulphate ions, sulphite ions, hydrogen sulphite ions, bicarbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, hydroperoxyl ions, peroxynitrite ions, oxide ions, hydrogen fluoride ions, acetate ions, formate ions, perchlorate ions; chemical probes for identifying biologically important gasotransmitters including nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and ethylene; chemical probes for identifying cellular second messengers namely intracellular signalling molecules including cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signalling molecules; fluorescent substances and chemicals; fluorescent substances and chemicals for laboratory analysis and scientific use; fluorescent substances and chemicals for use in ex vivo biological systems; fluorescent substances and chemicals for identifying reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite anion and aminoxyl radical; fluorescent substances and chemicals for identifying biothiols; fluorescent substances and chemicals for identifying nucleosides and/or nucleotides; fluorescent substances and chemicals for identifying biologically important cations including sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, copper ions, cupric ions, iron (III) ions, ferrous ions, iron (II) ions, ferric ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions, manganese (II) ions, manganese (III) ions, nickel (II) ions, nickel (III) ions, cobalt (III) ions, cobalt (II) ions, cobalt (I) ions, cobalt ions, mercury (II) ions, mercury (I) ions, lead ions, cadmium ions; fluorescent substances and chemicals for identifying biologically important anions including phosphate ions, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions, fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, nitrate ions, nitrite ions, sulphate ions, hydrogen sulphate ions, sulphite ions, hydrogen sulphite ions, bicarbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, hydroperoxyl ions, peroxynitrite ions, oxide ions, hydrogen fluoride ions, acetate ions, formate ions, perchlorate ions; fluorescent substances and chemicals for identifying biologically important gasotransmitters including nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and ethylene; fluorescent substances and chemicals for identifying cellular second messengers namely intracellular signalling molecules including cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signalling molecules; fluorescent markers and fluorophores; fluorescent markers and fluorophores for laboratory analysis and scientific use; fluorescent markers and fluorophores for use in ex vivo biological systems; fluorescent markers and fluorophores for identifying reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite anion and aminoxyl radical; fluorescent markers and fluorophores for identifying biothiols; fluorescent markers and fluorophores for identifying nucleosides and/or nucleotides; fluorescent markers and fluorophores for identifying biologically important cations including sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, copper ions, cupric ions, iron (III) ions, ferrous ions, iron (II) ions, ferric ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions, manganese (II) ions, manganese (III) ions, nickel (II) ions, nickel (III) ions, cobalt (III) ions, cobalt (II) ions, cobalt (I) ions, cobalt ions, mercury (II) ions, mercury (I) ions, lead ions, cadmium ions; fluorescent markers and fluorophores for identifying biologically important anions including phosphate ions, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions, fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, nitrate ions, nitrite ions, sulphate ions, hydrogen sulphate ions, sulphite ions, hydrogen sulphite ions, bicarbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, hydroperoxyl ions, peroxynitrite ions, oxide ions, hydrogen fluoride ions, acetate ions, formate ions, perchlorate ions; fluorescent markers and fluorophores for identifying biologically important gasotransmitters including nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and ethylene; fluorescent markers and fluorophores for identifying cellular second messengers namely intracellular signalling molecules including cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signalling molecules; non-protein fluorescent dyes that absorb light and re-emit light at a different wavelength; non-protein fluorescent dyes that absorb light and re-emit light at a longer or shorter wavelength; non-protein fluorescent dyes for use in laboratory and scientific analysis; non-protein fluorescent dyes for use in ex vivo biological systems; non-protein fluorescent dyes for identifying reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite anion and aminoxyl radical; non-protein fluorescent dyes for identifying biothiols; non-protein fluorescent dyes for identifying nucleosides and/or nucleotides; non-protein fluorescent dyes for identifying biologically important cations including sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, copper ions, cupric ions, iron (III) ions, ferrous ions, iron (II) ions, ferric ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions, manganese (II) ions, manganese (III) ions, nickel (II) ions, nickel (III) ions, cobalt (III) ions, cobalt (II) ions, cobalt (I) ions, cobalt ions, mercury (II) ions, mercury (I) ions, lead ions, cadmium ions; non-protein fluorescent dyes for identifying biologically important anions including phosphate ions, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions, fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, nitrate ions, nitrite ions, sulphate ions, hydrogen sulphate ions, sulphite ions, hydrogen sulphite ions, bicarbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, hydroperoxyl ions, peroxynitrite ions, oxide ions, hydrogen fluoride ions, acetate ions, formate ions, perchlorate ions; non-protein fluorescent dyes for identifying biologically important gasotransmitters including nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and ethylene; non-protein fluorescent dyes for identifying cellular second messengers namely intracellular signalling molecules including cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signalling molecules; fluorescent labelled biomolecules; fluorescent labelled biomolecules for use in laboratory and scientific analysis; fluorescent labelled biomolecules for use in ex vivo biological systems; fluorescent labelled biomolecules for identifying reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite anion and aminoxyl radical; fluorescent labelled biomolecules for identifying biothiols; fluorescent labelled biomolecules for identifying nucleosides and/or nucleotides; fluorescent labelled biomolecules for identifying biologically important cations including sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, copper ions, cupric ions, iron (III) ions, ferrous ions, iron (II) ions, ferric ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions, manganese (II) ions, manganese (III) ions, nickel (II) ions, nickel (III) ions, cobalt (III) ions, cobalt (II) ions, cobalt (I) ions, cobalt ions, mercury (II) ions, mercury (I) ions, lead ions, cadmium ions; fluorescent labelled biomolecules for identifying biologically important anions including phosphate ions, hydrogen phosphate ions, dihydrogen phosphate ions, fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, nitrate ions, nitrite ions, sulphate ions, hydrogen sulphate ions, sulphite ions, hydrogen sulphite ions, bicarbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, hydroperoxyl ions, peroxynitrite ions, oxide ions, hydrogen fluoride ions, acetate ions, formate ions, perchlorate ions; fluorescent labelled biomolecules for identifying biologically important gasotransmitters including nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and ethylene; fluorescent labelled biomolecules for identifying cellular second messengers namely intracellular signalling molecules including cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signalling molecules.